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Steve Mandel
Steve Mandel is an American communications coach for professional executives, the founder and the president of the Mandel Communications Inc., which aims to teach effective communication and public speaking. He is also a keen amateur astronomer and astrophotographer. He owns a small observatory, called Hidden Valley Observatory, in Soquel, California. He has been acknowledged especially for his wide-field photographs of the Milky Way nebulae and for public outreach.〔
== Astrophotography ==
Steve Mandel's interest in astronomy began when he was 11 years old. He built his first telescope, a 6" reflector, at his home in Los Angeles. His interest in astrophotography grew in the 1970s and 1980s and been worked as a photographic stringer for ''Newsweek'' magazine. Later, his wide-field images became recognized by professional astronomers. In 2005, he took pictures of high latitude areas of the sky and experimented with different wavelengths using various photographic filters and managed to take pictures of very faint unexplored nebulae above the plane of the Milky Way. The pictures were investigated by Adolf Witt, an astronomer of the University of Toledo in Ohio, who found out that the nebulae surprisingly contained carbon.〔 Subsequently, his images became a subject of several scientific papers.〔 These interstellar structures, labelled by Mandel as the integrated flux nebulae,〔 are illuminated by the light from the entire galaxy, which distinguishes them from the typical reflection nebulae, illuminated by a nearby star.〔
〕 In 2004 Mandel started to work on the Mandel-Wilson Unexplored Nebulae Project aimed at their discovering, cataloguing and photographing.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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